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Spartan hegemony
The polis of Sparta was the greatest military land power of classical Greek antiquity. During the classical period, Sparta governed, dominated or influenced the entire Peloponnese. Additionally, the defeat of the Athenians and the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War in 431-404 BCE resulted in a short-lived Spartan dominance of the Greek world from 404 to 371 BCE.〔Jones, Nicholas F. ''Politics and Society in Ancient Greece.'' Westport, CT: Prager, 2008〕 Due to their mistrust of others, Spartans discouraged the creation of records about their internal affairs. The only histories of Sparta are from the writings of Xenophon, Thucydides, Herodotus and Plutarch, none of whom were Spartans. Plutarch was writing several centuries after the period of Spartan hegemony had ceased.〔 This creates difficulties in understanding the Spartan political system, which was distinctly different from any other Greek polis.
==History and rise to power==
(詳細はspartiates'', ''perioeci'', and the ''helots''. The ''helots'' were captives of war and were state-owned slaves of Sparta.〔Jones, Nicholas F. ''Politics and Society in Ancient Greece.'' Westport, CT: Prager, 2008〕 The ''helots'' powered the city-state’s agrarian economy and were the work force. Additionally, the other class of working population in Spartan society were the ''perioeci'' meaning “dwellers around” who were free peoples of conquered territories. The ''perioeci'' were allowed to maintain their own infrastructures, administrative arrangements and local economy, but had to pay tribute to Sparta and provide soldiers for the military. The ''homoioi'' were the citizens of Sparta.〔Archer, Melanie. ''The Spartans'' Alexandria, VA: PBS Home Video, 2003〕 They were the elite class and were the only deserving of the title Spartan. As a result, the Spartan population was very small in comparison with the working classes. There was a ratio of 7 or 8 helots to every Spartan citizen.〔 These three populations performed complementary functions that distinguished Sparta with a unique economic and social organization.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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